近年來，隨著人口結(jié)構(gòu)變化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平提高，關(guān)于養(yǎng)老金和社會保障制度的討論越來越引起公眾關(guān)注。作為維護(hù)民生福利、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公平的重要組成部分，養(yǎng)老金和社會保障制度在不同國家有著各自獨(dú)特的模式與運(yùn)行機(jī)制。本文將從多個方面對比探討這兩者之間存在的異同點(diǎn)。

首先，在參保對象上，養(yǎng)老金主要是針對退休人員或達(dá)到一定年齡后停止工作并領(lǐng)取退休待遇的群體；而社會保障涵蓋了更廣泛范圍內(nèi)需要受到基本生活需求支持和風(fēng)險防護(hù)補(bǔ)償?shù)葞椭?wù)群體，并包括但不限于失業(yè)者、殘疾人士以及低收入家庭等弱勢群體。

其次，在資金來源上也存在差別。通常情況下，養(yǎng)老金由雇主、職工共同繳納形成一個專門用于支付退休人員福利待遇池子；而社會保障則通過全民統(tǒng)籌方式進(jìn)行融資, 例如稅收征收或政府預(yù)算安排, 來滿足相關(guān)救助項(xiàng)目所需費(fèi)用。

此外，在管理層面上二者亦呈現(xiàn)出明顯區(qū)別。在我國，“五險一金”被視為中國特色“較完善”的 社?#38469;?#29992;學(xué)系統(tǒng)。“五險”即指：醫(yī)療（Medical Insurance）、失業(yè)（Unemployment Insurance）、 工商 (Work Injury) 事務(wù)性( Maternity ) 生育(Maternity), 職工(Department of Labor and Social Security) 啟動應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計劃 （Emergency Response Plan） 等幾大類目標(biāo). 其中最重要且覆蓋率最高同時具備廣義 執(zhí)行力 的 是"四項(xiàng)"(Medicare/Medicaid/Social Security/Retirement Benefit Program). 這些都是根據(jù)法規(guī)設(shè)立并受地方自治權(quán)威監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行.

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