在當(dāng)今風(fēng)云變幻的金融市場中，固定收益投資一直備受關(guān)注。作為一種相對低風(fēng)險、穩(wěn)健回報的投資方式，固定收益產(chǎn)品吸引了眾多投資者的目光。然而，在追求穩(wěn)定回報的同時，我們是否忽略了固定收益投資所攜帶的潛在風(fēng)險呢？

**利率風(fēng)險**

首先要提及到的是利率風(fēng)險，這是影響固定收益證券價格波動最主要因素之一。當(dāng)整體經(jīng)濟環(huán)境發(fā)生改變時，央行會調(diào)整基準利率以應(yīng)對通貨膨脹或經(jīng)濟衰退等問題。這就導(dǎo)致債券面值與市場息票利率產(chǎn)生背離，并進而影響債券價格。

**信用風(fēng)險**

其次，則是廣為人知且不可忽視的信用風(fēng)險。“高杠桿、高回報”誘惑下企業(yè)可能選擇通過發(fā)行公司債來籌集資金；但隨著宏觀環(huán)境惡化或公司內(nèi)部問題暴露，“爆雷”現(xiàn)象頻繁出現(xiàn)成為常態(tài)。

**流動性食物**

此外還有流動性危機——尤其表現(xiàn)得更加明顯：很多長期持有類理財產(chǎn)品不能像活期存款那樣靈活取錢；如果遇上緊急情況需要趕緊套現(xiàn)支付賬單僅能眼巴巴看著本該屬于自己手里辛苦攢下來“被鎖”的銀子們無計可施。

**匯率和政治事件**

除此之外, 匯率和政治事件也將給固定收益投資帶來額外壓力 - 當(dāng)國家間關(guān)系惡化甚至形成戰(zhàn)事時, 投資組合價值很容易受到損失; 而突如其來地區(qū)域局勢劇變也許意味著原打算安全放置好久沒管過頭寸已處于頹勢...

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